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The Swift Programming Language Epub Converter UPDATED
The Swift Programming Language Epub Converter ->>> https://ssurll.com/2tg5E5
Calibre supports a wide variety of input formats, including HTML, and a wide variety of output formats, including EPUB, but it's not \"a programming language or library\". Are there specific reasons you desire a programming-based approach rather than a free-standing tool If so, maybe Python and ebookmaker.py, for example, could help you.
I just started to implement such a tool in Java (OpenJDK compatible): html2epub. In order to get rid of manually editing the config file, I'll probably start a separate tool to generate the config file from any given directory (however, it would still be necessary to determine the order of the XHTMLs in the EPUB - for non-programmatical use, developing a GUI helper tool could be considered, for a fully flexible programmatical solution, I haven't come up with an idea yet). Before that, I implemented shell script based converters for custom XML input (hag2epub tools) - in case you're interested, I would probably port them to XHTML input (with a config file for the EPUB metadata or obtaining metadata from the topmost index.html of a directory, if existing).
C is probably the most widely known programming language. It is used as the reference language for computer science courses all over the world, and it's probably the language that people learn the most in school along with Python and Java.
I said compiler: C is a compiled programming language, like Go, Java, Swift or Rust. Other popular programming language like Python, Ruby or JavaScript are interpreted. The difference is consistent: a compiled language generates a binary file that can be directly executed and distributed.
Pointers are one of the most confusing/challenging parts of C, in my opinion. Especially if you are new to programming, but also if you come from a higher level programming language like Python or JavaScript.
Simplified Application Development.No new code is needed for reading or writing the application file.One has merely to link against the SQLite library, or include the single \"sqlite3.c\" source file with the rest of theapplication C code, and SQLite will take care of all of the applicationfile I/O. This can reduce application code size by many thousands oflines, with corresponding saving in development and maintenance costs.SQLite is one of themost used software libraries in the world.There are literally tens of billions of SQLite database files in use daily, on smartphones and gadgets and in desktop applications.SQLite is carefully tested and proven reliable. It is nota component that needs much tuning or debugging, allowing developersto stay focused on application logic.Single-File Documents.An SQLite database is contained in a single file, which is easilycopied or moved or attached. The \"document\" metaphor is preserved.SQLite does not have any file naming requirementsand so the application can use any custom file suffix that it wantsto help identify the file as \"belonging\" to the application.SQLite database files contain a 4-byte Application ID intheir headers that can be set to an application-defined valueand then used to identify the \"type\" of the document for utilityprograms such as file(1), furtherenhancing the document metaphor.High-Level Query Language.SQLite is a complete relational database engine, which means that theapplication can access content using high-level queries. Applicationdevelopers need not spend time thinking about \"how\" to retrieve theinformation they need from a document. Developers write SQL thatexpresses \"what\" information they want and let the database engineto figure out how to best retrieve that content. This helps developersoperate \"heads up\" and remain focused on solving the user's problem,and avoid time spent \"heads down\" fiddling with low-level fileformatting details.A pile-of-files format can be viewed as a key/value database. A key/value database is better than no database at all.But without transactions or indices or a high-level query language ora proper schema,it is much harder and more error prone to use a key/value database thana relational database.Accessible Content.Information held in an SQLite database file is accessible using commonly available open-source command-line tools - tools that are installed by default on Mac and Linux systems and that are freely available as a self-contained EXE file on Windows.Unlike custom file formats, application-specific programs arenot required to read or write content in an SQLite database.An SQLite database file is not an opaque blob. It is truethat command-line tools such as text editors or \"grep\" or \"awk\" arenot useful on an SQLite database, but the SQL query language is a muchmore powerful and convenient way for examining the content, so theinability to use \"grep\" and \"awk\" and the like is not seen as a loss.An SQLite database is a well-defined and well-documentedfile format that is in widespread use by literally millions of applicationsand is backwards compatible to its inception in 2004 and which promisesto continue to be compatible in decades to come. The longevity ofSQLite database files is particularly important to bespoke applications,since it allows the document content to be accessed far in thefuture, long after all traces of the original application have been lost.Data lives longer than code.SQLite databases are recommended by the US Library of Congressas a storage format for long-term preservation of digital content.Cross-Platform.SQLite database files are portable between 32-bit and 64-bit machines andbetween big-endian and little-endian architectures and between any of thevarious flavors of Windows and Unix-like operating systems.The application using an SQLite application file format can storebinary numeric data without having to worry about the byte-order ofintegers or floating point numbers.Text content can be read or written as UTF-8, UTF-16LE, or UTF-16BE and SQLite will automatically perform any necessary translations on-the-fly.Atomic Transactions.Writes to an SQLite database are atomic. They either happen completelyor not at all, even during system crashes or power failures. Sothere is no danger of corrupting a document just because the power happenedto go out at the same instant that a change was being written to disk.SQLite is transactional, meaning that multiple changes can be groupedtogether such that either all or none of them occur, and so that thechanges can be rolled back if a problem is found prior to commit.This allows an application to make a change incrementally, then runvarious sanity and consistency checks on the resulting data prior tocommitting the changes to disk. TheFossil DVCS uses this techniqueto verify that no repository history has been lost prior to each change.Incremental And Continuous Updates.When writing to an SQLite database file, only those parts of the file thatactually change are written out to disk. This makes the writing happen fasterand saves wear on SSDs. This is an enormous advantage over customand wrapped pile-of-files formats, both of which usually require arewrite of the entire document in order to change a single byte. Pure pile-of-files formats can alsodo incremental updates to some extent, though the granularity of writes is usually larger with pile-of-file formats (a single file) than with SQLite(a single page).SQLite also supports continuous update.Instead of collecting changes in memory and then writingthem to disk only on a File/Save action, changes can be written back tothe disk as they occur. This avoids loss of work on a system crash orpower failure. An automated undo/redo stack, managed using triggers,can be kept in the on-disk database, meaning that undo/redo can occur across session boundaries.Easily Extensible.As an application grows, new features can be added to anSQLite application file format simply by adding new tables to the schemaor by adding new columns to existing tables. Adding columns or tablesdoes not change the meaning of prior queries, so with a modicum of care to ensuring that the meaning of legacy columns andtables are preserved, backwards compatibility is maintained.It is possible to extend custom or pile-of-files formats too, of course,but doing is often much harder. If indices are added, then all applicationcode that changes the corresponding tables must be located and modified tokeep those indices up-to-date. If columns are added, then all applicationcode that accesses the corresponding table must be located and modified to take into account the new columns.Performance.In many cases, an SQLite application file format will be faster than a pile-of-files format ora custom format. In addition to being faster for raw read andwrites, SQLite can often dramatically improves start-up times because instead of having toread and parse the entire document into memory, the application cando queries to extract only the information needed for the initial screen.As the application progresses, it only needs to load as much material asis needed to draw the next screen, and can discard information fromprior screens that is no longer in use. This helps keep the memoryfootprint of the application under control.A pile-of-files format can be read incrementally just like SQLite.But many developers are surprised to learn that SQLite can read and write smaller BLOBs (less than about 100KB in size) from its database faster than those same blobs can be read or written as separate files from the filesystem. (See35% Faster Than The Filesystem andInternal Versus External BLOBs for further information.)There is overhead associated with operating a relationaldatabase engine, however one should not assume that direct file I/Ois faster than SQLite database I/O, as often it is not.In either case, if performance problems do arise in an SQLite application those problems can often be resolved by adding one or two CREATE INDEXstatements to the schema or perhaps running ANALYZE one timeand without having to touch a single line ofapplication code. But if a performance problem comes up in a custom or pile-of-files format, the fix will often require extensive changesto application code to add and maintain new indices or to extract information using different algorithms.Concurrent Use By Multiple Processes.SQLite automatically coordinates concurrent access to the samedocument from multiple threads and/or processes. Two or moreapplications can connect and read from the same document at thesame time. Writes are serialized, but as writes normally onlytake milliseconds, applications simply take turns writing.SQLite automatically ensures that the low-level format of thedocument is uncorrupted. Accomplishing the same with a customor pile-of-files format, in contrast, requires extensive supportin the application. And the application logic needed to supportconcurrency is a notorious bug-magnet.Multiple Programming Languages.Though SQLite is itself written in ANSI-C, interfaces exist forjust about every other programming language you can think of:C++, C#, Objective-C, Java, Tcl, Perl, Python, Ruby, Erlang,JavaScript, and so forth. So programmers can develop in whateverlanguage they are most comfortable with and which best matchesthe needs of the project.An SQLite application file format is a great choice in cases where there is a collection or \"federation\" ofseparate programs, often written in different languages and bydifferent development teams.This comes up commonly in research or laboratoryenvironments where one team is responsible for data acquisitionand other teams are responsible for various stages of analysis.Each team can use whatever hardware, operating system,programming language and development methodology that they are most comfortable with, and as long as all programs use an SQLite database with a common schema, they can all interoperate.Better Applications.If the application file format is an SQLite database, the completedocumentation for that file format consists of the database schema,with perhaps a few extra words about what each table and columnrepresents. The description of a custom file format,on the other hand, typically runs on for hundreds of pages. A pile-of-files format, while much simpler and easier todescribe than a fully custom format, still tends to be much largerand more complex than an SQL schema dump, since the names and formatfor the individual files must still be described.This is not a trivial point. A clear, concise, and easy to understandfile format is a crucial part of any application design.Fred Brooks, in his all-time best-selling computer science text,The Mythical Man-Month says:Representation is theessence of computer programming....Show me your flowcharts and conceal your tables, and I shall continue to be mystified. Show me your tables, and I won't usuallyneed your flowcharts; they'll be obvious.Rob Pike, in hisRules of Programming expresses the same idea this way:Data dominates. If you've chosen the right data structuresand organized things well, the algorithms will almost alwaysbe self-evident. Data structures, not algorithms, are centralto programming. Linus Torvalds used different words to saymuch the same thing on the Git mailing list on 2006-06-27: Bad programmers worry about the code. Good programmers worryabout data structures and their relationships.The point is this: an SQL database schema almost always does a far better job of defining and organizing the tables and data structures and their relationships.And having clear, concise, and well-defined representationalmost always results in an application that performs better,has fewer problems, and is easier to develop and maintain.ConclusionSQLite is not the perfect application file format for every situation.But in many cases, SQLite is a far better choice than either a customfile format, a pile-of-files, or a wrapped pile-of-files.SQLite is a high-level, stable, reliable, cross-platform, widely-deployed,extensible, performant, accessible, concurrent file format. It deservesyour consideration as the standard file format on your next applicationdesign.This page last modified on 2018-05-29 18:35:58 UTC 153554b96e
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