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Kodungallur Bharani Pattu: A Unique Festival of Goddess Bhadrakali

Kodungallur Bharani Pattu is a yearly festival dedicated to the goddess Bhadrakali of Kodungallur Kurumba Bhagavathy temple in Kerala, India. It is held between the Bharani days of months Kumbham and Meenam of the Malayalam calendar, which usually falls between March and April in the Roman calendar. [^5^] [^1^]

The festival involves various rituals that are considered to be ancient and rare in contemporary Kerala temples. [^1^] Some of these rituals are:

Kozhikkallu moodal: This involves the ritual of sacrificing a rooster over a red silk cloth placed around the stones surrounding the idol. This ceremony symbolizes the fight between the goddess and the demon king Daruka. [^6^] However, this ritual has not been performed since 1977, and is now reduced to covering the stones with a red silk cloth.

Kaavu theendal: This starts when the king of Kodungallur unfurls the red ceremonial umbrella. Afterwards, the oracles, dressed in red with sickles or bamboo sticks in their hands run around the temple in trance. They also sing libelous ballads abusing the goddess. They also throw coconuts and turmeric powder to the roof and the inner corridors of the temple, thereby 'polluting' it. After this ceremony, the temple closes for a week for a 'purification' ceremony. [^4^]

Revathi vilakku: This involves lighting a traditional lamp on the Revathi day of Meenam month.

Chandanapoti Charthal: This involves smearing the image of the goddess with sandalwood paste on the last day of Meenam month.

The Kodungallur Bharani Pattu festival is a unique expression of devotion and culture that attracts thousands of devotees and tourists every year. It is believed that the goddess Bhadrakali is pleased by these rituals and blesses her devotees with prosperity and happiness.

The Kodungallur Bharani Pattu festival has a long and rich history that dates back to the ancient times. The temple of Kodungallur Bhagavathy is one of the oldest functioning temples in India and is believed to have been built by Parasurama, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. [^1^] The temple is also associated with the legend of Kannaki, the heroine of the Tamil epic Silappatikaram, who is worshipped as an incarnation of Bhadrakali. [^1^] According to the legend, Kannaki burned down the city of Madurai with her curse after her husband was falsely accused and executed by the king. She then reached Kodungallur and attained salvation at the temple. [^1^]

The Kodungallur Bharani Pattu festival is also a celebration of the goddess Bhadrakali's victory over the demon Darika, who had obtained a boon from Lord Brahma that he could not be killed by any man or god. The gods then requested Lord Shiva to create a powerful female warrior who could slay Darika. Shiva then opened his third eye and created Bhadrakali, who was armed with various weapons and accompanied by a fierce army of female warriors called the Sapthamathrukkal. Bhadrakali fought with Darika and finally beheaded him with her sword.